Islamabad, Pakistan — Tensions are escalating in Gwadar, Pakistan's primary port city in the Balochistan province, as ethnic Baloch groups continue their protests. These demonstrations were sparked by the arrests of group members and violent confrontations with security forces.

Gwadar, situated on the Arabian Sea, serves as Pakistan's sole deep-sea port and plays a crucial role in the $60bn China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC).

The Baloch Yakjehti Committee (BYC) initiated the recent unrest by protesting against alleged human rights violations, enforced disappearances, and extrajudicial killings in Balochistan, the nation's largest but economically disadvantaged province.

Home to roughly 15 million of Pakistan's total population of 240 million as per the 2023 census, Balochistan boasts abundant natural resources such as oil, coal, gold, copper, and gas reserves, contributing significantly to federal revenues.

The Baloch community accuses the Pakistani government of neglect and exploitation, leading to separatist sentiments and multiple uprisings in the province since Pakistan's inception in 1947.

The most recent wave of protests began early in the millennium, demanding a fairer share of resources and even advocating for complete independence. This has resulted in severe repression by Pakistani security forces, with thousands losing their lives over the past two decades.

Given Gwadar's economic importance, the city has witnessed recurring violence involving armed and separatist factions. In a recent incident in March, eight men were killed by security personnel while attempting to breach the Gwadar Port Authority complex.

Arrests and Blockades

The BYC called for a "Baloch Rajee Muchi," a Baloch National Gathering, in Gwadar on Sunday. However, as convoys headed to the city, law enforcement blocked major highways, resulting in clashes.

According to BYC accounts, security forces opened fire during clashes, resulting in casualties on both sides. Mobile and internet services were also suspended in Gwadar for the fifth consecutive day.

Prominent BYC leaders, Sammi Deen Baloch and Sabiha Baloch, were reportedly detained by authorities, sparking further outrage and protests across Balochistan.

In response, BYC leader Mahrang Baloch demanded the release of arrested members and the unimpeded movement of protesters to Gwadar. She emphasized unity against perceived state oppression.

Protests persisted in various Baloch towns, with a focus on securing the release of detainees and bringing attention to the situation in Gwadar.

Local authorities and government figures have yet to adequately address the concerns raised by the Baloch community and BYC representatives.

'Repeated Punitive Crackdowns'

While Chief Minister Sarfraz Bugti criticized the protests for disrupting peace and progress, human rights organizations like Amnesty International condemned the heavy-handed response to peaceful demonstrations.

Amnesty International called for an end to violent crackdowns and the immediate release of those detained for engaging in peaceful assembly. Similarly, the Human Rights Commission of Pakistan urged dialogue with Baloch representatives to address grievances constructively.

The situation remains tense in Gwadar as Baloch protests persist, underscoring longstanding grievances demanding attention and resolution.