Benghazi, Libya – It occurred during the nighttime, much like many destructive operations carried out without community approval. In March 2023, a section of Benghazi's historical center containing various Italian colonial buildings was demolished by the Libyan military.

The demolition was so sudden that even the mayor of Benghazi was caught off guard.

A heritage obliterated?

The destruction of the historic city center aimed to clear the aftermath of past conflicts and pave the way for a new, modern center. However, the reconstruction lacked organization, resulting in some buildings being rebuilt or replaced by modern structures, while others, like the Berenice Theatre, remained in ruins.

Benghazi has faced significant damage throughout history from wars, leaving a significant gap in its modern Libyan history. The loss of the Berenice Theatre, a cultural hub since 1928, symbolizes the erasure of part of the city's heritage.

Among the war-damaged buildings, the Italian colonial architecture in Libya serves as a painful reminder for many locals, highlighting a significant cultural divide. The ongoing restoration in Tripoli and Benghazi stirs controversies, raising concerns about preserving authenticity.

A cultural divide

The restoration and modernization projects have sparked a cultural divide, with conflicting views on the significance of Italian colonial buildings to Libyan identity. While some see these buildings as part of the country's heritage, others view them as symbols of colonial violence.

Local engagement is deemed crucial in finding a balance between preserving heritage and challenging colonial narratives tied to these landmarks. Efforts to reshape the Libyan narrative and create a counter-archive are ongoing to resist colonial influences.

Architecture – inseparable from ideology and politics

Architectural pieces like el-Manar Palace in Benghazi and St Francis Church in Tripoli reflect a complex blend of Islamic and Italian influences. While some appreciate these structures for their historical significance, others see them as symbols of colonial hegemony.

Amid discussions on preserving Libyan heritage, the value of architecture in telling stories and preserving cultural identity becomes apparent. Balancing historical significance with modern needs remains a challenge in conserving Libya's diverse architectural legacy.