The United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees (UNRWA) has projected that the process of removing the rubble in Gaza resulting from Israel's recent offensive could demand up to 15 years to complete. This task involves clearing an estimated 40 million tonnes of debris, as noted by the UN Environment Programme (UNEP). "Debris poses a deadly threat for people in the Gaza Strip as it can contain unexploded ordnance and harmful substances," according to UNRWA. The agency stated that over 100 trucks and more than $500 million would be required for the cleanup. The UNEP emphasized that some of the rubble is contaminated with asbestos, a hazardous mineral causing lung ailments and cancer. Additionally, numerous human remains are interred within the extensive debris. The quantity of rubble in Gaza is substantially greater than the combined total of debris generated from all other conflicts in the region since 2008. Israel's ongoing military campaign in Gaza has left vast areas in devastation amid severe shortages of essential supplies. Reports revealed that thousands of unexploded bombs pose a significant risk to the civilian population. Meanwhile, the UN Development Programme (UNDP) estimated that rebuilding Gaza's infrastructure, including homes, may take until 2040, requiring a substantial investment of $40-50 billion. The extent of destruction has regressed Gaza's human development index by 40 years, affecting education, health, and life expectancy. Investments made in human development over the past four decades have been nearly eradicated, indicating a significant setback for the region.